Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanism of salinity stress tolerance in plants

Salinity is considered a global threat to agriculture and causes significant reduction in crop yield. In particular, salinity stress promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation ionic imbalance cells, leading oxidative even cell death. A large number of genes which are involved defense, hormone, carbohydrate metabolic pathways down-regulated under stress. Plants respond through series physiological molecular mechanisms including antioxidant enzymes, hormones, defense related signaling pathway activation. Plant systems modulate the overproduction ROS activation responsive-genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) glutamine synthetase (GS) transcription factors MYBs, WRKY, ERF. The salt overly sensitive (SOS) potentially tolerance. SOS1, SOS3 SOS2 required for tolerance by reducing uptakes, inter-cellular intra-cellular distribution Na+ Cl−. This review discusses discovery stress-responsive pathways, summarizes research progress on regulatory plants, will help accelerate breeding programs